This cluster of papers focuses on the global challenge of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, particularly the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, the role of ESKAPE pathogens, the mechanisms of carbapenemases and plasmid-mediated resistance, the impact of efflux pumps, and the prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases. It also covers the epidemiology and molecular biology of specific resistant bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii.