This cluster of papers focuses on the advances in cancer immunotherapy research, particularly in the context of immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1 and PD-L1, the impact of tumor microenvironment, biomarkers for immunotherapy response, T-cell exhaustion, neoantigens, tumor mutational burden, immune-related adverse events, and the exploration of combination therapies. The research also delves into the intricate mechanisms of cancer immunoediting.