This cluster of papers focuses on the management, diagnosis, and molecular genetics of thyroid cancer, including differentiated and medullary thyroid carcinoma. It covers topics such as the management guidelines for thyroid nodules, the role of BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma, ultrasound imaging for thyroid nodules, and the use of radioactive iodine therapy. The cluster also discusses the molecular pathogenesis and genetic alterations associated with thyroid cancer.