This cluster of papers focuses on the assessment, impact, and clinical implications of arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in relation to cardiovascular health. It explores the use of various techniques such as pulse wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness, and brachial artery assessment to predict cardiovascular events and mortality. The papers also discuss the association between arterial stiffness, hypertension, and vascular aging, emphasizing the importance of central blood pressure in assessing cardiovascular risk.