This cluster of papers focuses on the pharmacology and toxicology of cholinesterase inhibitors, particularly acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, in the context of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. It explores the development of multi-target-directed ligands, novel drug therapies, and the implications for cognitive deficits. The research also delves into the structure, function, and regulation of cholinesterases, as well as their potential roles in neuroprotection and neurorestoration.