This cluster of papers explores various surface modification techniques such as Laser Shock Processing, Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment, Shot Peening, and Ultrasonic Impact Peening to induce nanostructured surface layers, improve fatigue behavior, enhance corrosion resistance, and refine grain structures in metal alloys. The focus is on understanding the effects of these techniques on microstructure evolution and residual stress, with potential applications in improving the mechanical and corrosion properties of metallic materials.