This cluster of papers explores the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney development, including the use of kidney organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells to model nephrogenesis and injury. It also delves into the role of specific genes such as WT1, the signaling pathways like GDNF/Ret, and the cellular processes involved in branching morphogenesis. Additionally, it covers topics related to congenital anomalies, podocyte development, and Wilms tumor, providing a comprehensive understanding of kidney development and disease.