This cluster of papers examines the impact of government R&D subsidies and fiscal incentives on private R&D investment, innovation activities, and firm performance. It explores the effectiveness and efficiency of R&D support programs, the additionality effects of subsidies, and the role of public funding in promoting technological development, particularly in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The literature also evaluates the influence of R&D tax credits, collaboration initiatives, and regional capital subsidies on firms' innovation intensity and productivity.