This cluster of papers explores the traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and therapeutic potential of medicinal orchids, particularly focusing on Dendrobium and Gastrodia species. The research covers a wide range of topics including neuroprotective effects, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, ethnopharmacology, and the identification of bioactive compounds such as phenanthrenes and bibenzyl derivatives. These studies provide valuable insights into the potential applications of medicinal orchids in traditional medicine.