This cluster of papers explores the role of microbial metabolites, particularly aromatic compounds, in human health, with a focus on conditions such as sepsis. It also discusses the use of renewable resources and biomass combustion, as well as the application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in analyzing metabolites. The cluster emphasizes the interplay between human microbiome and critical conditions, shedding light on the potential impact of microbial metabolites on mitochondrial function and cell biology.