This cluster of papers explores the risk factors, genetic mechanisms, and clinical aspects of gingival overgrowth induced by medications such as cyclosporin A, tacrolimus, and phenytoin. It delves into the molecular pathways, connective tissue metabolism, and the influence of growth factors and cytokines on the development and management of drug-induced and hereditary gingival fibromatosis. The cluster also investigates the prevalence, severity, and treatment options for gingival overgrowth in patients undergoing organ transplantation or medication therapy.